Notes |
- In England the kings of Wessex were emerging as the most powerful
rulers and the beginnings of a single English kingdom is usually dated
to 954. Athelstan of Wessex was able to impose a kind of over lordship
on the Welsh rulers and to exact tribute from them, and Gwynedd came
under the rule of the south Wales king, Hywel Dda (the Good), grandson
of Rhodri Mawr. Like his grandfather before him Hywel also succeeded
in creating a degree of unity within Wales.
After Hywel`s death in 950 all the Welsh kingdoms saw a succession of
power struggles and the Vikings came back. In Gwynedd, Penmon was
raided in 971 and Clynnog in 978.
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn.
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